An investigation on alfalfa aphids and their parasitoids in different parts of Iran, with a key to the parasitoids (Hemiptera: Aphididae; Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

Authors

  • A. A. Talebi
  • A. Rezwani
  • E. Rakhshani
  • H. Rakhshani
  • S. Manzari
Abstract:

در این تحقیق اطلاعاتی در زمینه‌ی پراکنش و رابطه‌ی بین شته‌های یونجه و پارازیتوییدهای آنها در مناطق مختلف یازده استان ایران همراه با کلید شناسایی ارایه می‌گردد. مهمترین شته‌های یونجه عبارت بودند از Therioaphis trifolii maculata (Buckton) و Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) و سپس Aphis craccivora Koch و Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji. الگوی پراکنش این شته‌ها در مناطق مختلف متفاوت بود. T. trifolii maculata پراکنش وسیعی تقریباً در کلیه‌ی نواحی مورد مطالعه داشت ولی A. craccivora اغلب در نواحی کم‌ارتفاع شامل دشت‌های شرق و نواحی مرکزی ایران پراکنده بود. A. pisum و A. kondoi عمدتاً در نواحی مرتفع‌تر فعالیت داشتند. زنبورهای Trioxys complanatus Quilis و Praon exsoletum (Nees)پارازیتوییدهای اختصاصی شته‌‌ی T. trifolii maculata بوده و تقریباً در اغلب نواحی مورد مطالعه پراکنده بودند. گونه‌های Acyrthosiphon اغلب توسط زنبور پارازیتویید Aphidius ervi Haliday و سپس Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao و Aphidius eadyi Starý, Gonzalez & Hall. مورد حمله قرار می‌گرفتند. زنبور Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) پارازیتویید عمومی شته‌ی A. craccivora بوده ولی Ephedrus persicae Froggatt به طور موضعی روی این شته فعالیت داشت. زنبور Praon volucre (Haliday) دارای فعالیت محدود روی شته‌های A. pisum و A. craccivora بود ولی پارازیتوییدهای دیگر شامل Aphidius colemani Viereck، Lysiphlebus confusus Trembly & Eady و Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) به صورت محدود تنها از روی شته‌ی A. craccivora جمع‌آوری شدند. با در نظر گرفتن وقوع همزمان شته‌های یونجه و پارازیتوییدهای آنها در اکثر نواحی مورد مطالعه، به نظر می‌رسد که در کنار سایر روش‌های کنترل آفات در یک برنامه‌ی مدیریت تلفیقی، می‌بایستی توجه بیشتری به پارازیتوییدهای شته‌های یونجه، مخصوصاً گونه‌های اختصاصی بشود.

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Journal title

volume 25  issue 2

pages  1- 14

publication date 2006-02-20

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